Hibiscus sabdariffa l.-a review on its pharmacological activity & medicinal uses
Abstract
The shrub Hibiscus sabdariffa is a member of the Malvacea family. There are more than 200 species of hibiscus in the world. It has been noted that Hisbiscussabdariffa has numerous therapeutic benefits. The calyx is red and has five large sepals, the leaves are 7.5 to 12.5 cm long, and the fruit is a velvety capsule that is 1.25-2 cm long and green in color with five valves that each contain three to four seeds. The entire plant exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. The presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, pectin, antioxidants, anthocyanins, hibiscus acid, vitamin C, protein, citric acid, and β-carotene is primarily responsible for these activities.
Keywords:
Hibiscus sabdariffa, Pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, plant description
References
1. El Hakim AE. Biochemical and molecular characterization of three colored types of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of American Science. 2010;6(11).
2. National Biodiversity Action Plan (N.B.A.P.) (1999). Biodiversity in Kordofan region. El-Obeid Agricultural ResearchStation, Sudan. Report SUD/97/G31, pp: 41–43.
3. Ahmed AW. Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa-L.) seed as a new oilseed and a source of edible oil.1980
4. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503001#null (16/11/21 10:30 AM)
5. Ansari M, Eslaminejad T, Sarhadynejad Z, Eslaminejad T. An overview of the roselle plant with particular reference to its cultivation, diseases and usages. European Journal of medicinal plants. 2013 Feb 27;3(1):135-45.
6. Mahadevan, Shivali, and Pradeep kamboj,Hibiscusssabdariffa.Linn- an overview,Natural product Radiance, Vol.8(1), 2009,pp77-83.
7. Morton JF.. Fruits of warm climates. Florida Flair Books.1987
8. Ross IA. Medicinal plants of the world: Chemical constituents, traditional and modern medicinal uses (Vol. 1). Humana Press Inc,2003.
9. Plotto A. Hibiscus: post-production management for improved market access. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) 2004
10. Manish K, Rajneesh G,RakeshG. Phytochemical Properties andAntioxidant Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffaLinn, International Journal of Pharmaceuticaland Chemical sciences, 2012,887-890.
11. Obouayeba AP, Djyh NB, Diabate S, Djaman AJ, N'guessan JD, Kone M, Kouakou TH. Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) petal extracts.2014: 1453-1465.
12. Mungole A, Chaturvedi A. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a rich source of secondary metabolites. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2011 Jan;6(1):83-7.
13. McKay DL, Chen CO, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. The Journal of nutrition. 2010 Feb 1;140(2):298-303.
14. Tseng TH, Kao TW, Chu CY, Chou FP, Lin WL, Wang CJ. Induction of apoptosis by hibiscus protocatechuic acid in human leukemia cells via reduction of retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. Biochemical pharmacology. 2000 Aug 1;60(3):307-15.
15. Chen CC, Hsu JD, Wang SF, Chiang HC, Yang MY, Kao ES, Ho YC, Wang CJ. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003 Aug 27;51(18):5472-7.
16. Zoué LT, Bédikou ME, Gonnety JT, Faulet BM, Niamké SL. Two novel non-conventional seed oil extracts with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012;11(3):469-75.
17. Bako IG, Mabrouk MA, Abubakar A. Antioxidant effect of ethanolic seed extract of Hibiscus sabdariffalinn (Malvaceae) alleviate the toxicity induced by chronic administration of sodium nitrate on some haematological parameters in wistars rats. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2009 Dec 1;1(1):39-42.
18. Chao CY, Yin MC. Antibacterial effects of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid in ground beef and apple juice. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 2009 Mar 1;6(2):201-6.
19. Fullerton M, Khatiwada J, Johnson JU, Davis S, Williams LL. Determination of antimicrobial activity of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on Esherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from food, veterinary, and clinical samples. Journal of medicinal food. 2011 Sep 1;14(9):950-6.
20. Nwaiwu NE, Mshelia F, Raufu IA. Antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of Moringaoleifera, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Hibiscus esculentus seeds against some enterobacteria. Journal of Applied Phytotechnology in Environmental Sanitation. 2012 Jan 1;1(1).
21. Afolabi OC, Ogunsola FT, Coker AO. Susceptibility of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans to extracts of Garcinia kola, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Solanumamericanum. West African journal of medicine. 2008 Oct 1;27(4).
22. Liu KS, Tsao SM, Yin MC. In vitro antibacterial activity of roselle calyx and protocatechuic acid. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2005 Nov;19(11):942-5.
23. Reanmongkol W, Itharat A. Antipyretic activity of the extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces L. in experimental animals. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2007 Mar;29(1):29-38.
24. Ali MK, Ashraf A, Biswas NN, Karmakar UK, Afroz S. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities of ethanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.(Malvaceae) in mice. Zhong xi yijie he xuebao= Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine. 2011 Jun 1;9(6):626-31.
25. Fakeye TO, Pal A, Bawankule DU, Khanuja SP. Immunomodulatory effect of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.(Family Malvaceae) in a mouse model. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2008 May;22(5):664-8.
26. Kao ES, Hsu JD, Wang CJ, Yang SH, Cheng SY, Lee HJ. Polyphenols extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by improving antioxidative conditions and regulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2009 Feb 23;73(2):385-90.
27. Beltrán-Debón R, Alonso-Villaverde C, Aragones G, Rodriguez-Medina I, Rull A, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Camps J, Joven J. The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calices modulates the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in humans. Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar 1;17(3-4):186-91.
28. Lee WC, Wang CJ, Chen YH, Hsu JD, Cheng SY, Chen HC, Lee HJ. Polyphenol extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus attenuate nephropathy in experimental type 1 diabetes. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Mar 25;57(6):2206-10.
29. Wang SC, Lee SF, Wang CJ, Lee CH, Lee WC, Lee HJ. Aqueous Extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating Oxidative Status and Akt/Bad/14‐3‐3γ in an Experimental Animal Model. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;2011(1):938126.
30. Mossalam HH, Abd-El Aty OA, Morgan EN, Youssaf S, Mackawy AM. Biochemical and ultra structure studies of the antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of hibiscus sabdariffa on the nephrotoxicity induced by organophosphorous pesticide (malathion) on the adult albino rats. Journal of American Science. 2011;7(12):561-72.
31. Tseng TH, Wang CJ, Kao ES. Hibiscus protocatechuic acid protects against oxidative damage induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide in rat primary hepatocytes. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 1996 Aug 14;101(2):137-48.
32. Lin HH, Huang HP, Huang CC, Chen JH, Wang CJ. Hibiscus polyphenol‐rich extract induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells via p53 phosphorylation and p38 MAPK/FasL cascade pathway. Molecular Carcinogenesis: Published in cooperation with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. 2005 Jun;43(2):86-99.
33. Lin HH, Chan KC, Sheu JY, Hsuan SW, Wang CJ, Chen JH. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chemistry. 2012 May 15;132(2):880-91.
34. Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Zamilpa A, Perez-Garcia MD, Almanza-Perez JC, Romero-Nuñez E, Campos-Sepulveda EA, Vazquez-Carrillo LI, Roman-Ramos R. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007 Oct 8;114(1):66-71.
35. Carvajal-Zarrabal O, Waliszewski SM, Barradas-Dermitz DM, Orta-Flores Z, Hayward-Jones PM, Nolasco-Hipólito C, Angulo-Guerrero O, Sánchez-Ricaño R, Infanzón RM, Trujillo PR. The consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa dried calyx ethanolic extract reduced lipid profile in rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2005 Dec;60:153-9.
36. Herranz-López M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Pérez-Sanchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Menéndez JA, Alonso-Villaverde C, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J, Micol V. Synergism of plant-derived polyphenols in adipogenesis: perspectives and implications. Phytomedicine. 2012 Feb 15;19(3-4):253-61.
37. Peng CH, Chyau CC, Chan KC, Chan TH, Wang CJ, Huang CN. Hibiscus sabdariffapolyphenolic extract inhibits hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycation-oxidative stress while improving insulin resistance. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011 Sep 28;59(18):9901-9.
38. Gaya I, Mohammad O, Suleiman A, Maje M, Adekunle A. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino wistar rats. The Internet Journal of Endocrinology. 2009;5(2):1-6.
39. Alsaed AA, Almazari I, Elshikh MS. Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: Chemical composition, health benefits, and applications. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,2022 16(4), 67-79.
40. Fauzi MA, Taher M, Zainudin M I. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies,2010; 20, 1-13.
41. Oktay M. Antioxidant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces. Food Chemistry, 80(4),2003; 677-681.
42. JägerAK.Polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa: Immunomodulatory activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2018; 225, 1-10.
43. Elsayed SI, Sabra AS, Omer EA. Role of plant extracts and biostimulant in mitigating plant drought and salinity stress. InClimate-Resilient Agriculture, Vol 2: Agro-Biotechnological Advancement for Crop Production 2023 Nov 10 (pp. 571-602). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
44. Naidu M. Secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Phytochemistry Reviews, 2020;19(6), 1105-1124.
2. National Biodiversity Action Plan (N.B.A.P.) (1999). Biodiversity in Kordofan region. El-Obeid Agricultural ResearchStation, Sudan. Report SUD/97/G31, pp: 41–43.
3. Ahmed AW. Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa-L.) seed as a new oilseed and a source of edible oil.1980
4. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503001#null (16/11/21 10:30 AM)
5. Ansari M, Eslaminejad T, Sarhadynejad Z, Eslaminejad T. An overview of the roselle plant with particular reference to its cultivation, diseases and usages. European Journal of medicinal plants. 2013 Feb 27;3(1):135-45.
6. Mahadevan, Shivali, and Pradeep kamboj,Hibiscusssabdariffa.Linn- an overview,Natural product Radiance, Vol.8(1), 2009,pp77-83.
7. Morton JF.. Fruits of warm climates. Florida Flair Books.1987
8. Ross IA. Medicinal plants of the world: Chemical constituents, traditional and modern medicinal uses (Vol. 1). Humana Press Inc,2003.
9. Plotto A. Hibiscus: post-production management for improved market access. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) 2004
10. Manish K, Rajneesh G,RakeshG. Phytochemical Properties andAntioxidant Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffaLinn, International Journal of Pharmaceuticaland Chemical sciences, 2012,887-890.
11. Obouayeba AP, Djyh NB, Diabate S, Djaman AJ, N'guessan JD, Kone M, Kouakou TH. Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) petal extracts.2014: 1453-1465.
12. Mungole A, Chaturvedi A. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a rich source of secondary metabolites. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2011 Jan;6(1):83-7.
13. McKay DL, Chen CO, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. The Journal of nutrition. 2010 Feb 1;140(2):298-303.
14. Tseng TH, Kao TW, Chu CY, Chou FP, Lin WL, Wang CJ. Induction of apoptosis by hibiscus protocatechuic acid in human leukemia cells via reduction of retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. Biochemical pharmacology. 2000 Aug 1;60(3):307-15.
15. Chen CC, Hsu JD, Wang SF, Chiang HC, Yang MY, Kao ES, Ho YC, Wang CJ. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003 Aug 27;51(18):5472-7.
16. Zoué LT, Bédikou ME, Gonnety JT, Faulet BM, Niamké SL. Two novel non-conventional seed oil extracts with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012;11(3):469-75.
17. Bako IG, Mabrouk MA, Abubakar A. Antioxidant effect of ethanolic seed extract of Hibiscus sabdariffalinn (Malvaceae) alleviate the toxicity induced by chronic administration of sodium nitrate on some haematological parameters in wistars rats. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2009 Dec 1;1(1):39-42.
18. Chao CY, Yin MC. Antibacterial effects of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid in ground beef and apple juice. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 2009 Mar 1;6(2):201-6.
19. Fullerton M, Khatiwada J, Johnson JU, Davis S, Williams LL. Determination of antimicrobial activity of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on Esherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from food, veterinary, and clinical samples. Journal of medicinal food. 2011 Sep 1;14(9):950-6.
20. Nwaiwu NE, Mshelia F, Raufu IA. Antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of Moringaoleifera, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Hibiscus esculentus seeds against some enterobacteria. Journal of Applied Phytotechnology in Environmental Sanitation. 2012 Jan 1;1(1).
21. Afolabi OC, Ogunsola FT, Coker AO. Susceptibility of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans to extracts of Garcinia kola, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Solanumamericanum. West African journal of medicine. 2008 Oct 1;27(4).
22. Liu KS, Tsao SM, Yin MC. In vitro antibacterial activity of roselle calyx and protocatechuic acid. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2005 Nov;19(11):942-5.
23. Reanmongkol W, Itharat A. Antipyretic activity of the extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces L. in experimental animals. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2007 Mar;29(1):29-38.
24. Ali MK, Ashraf A, Biswas NN, Karmakar UK, Afroz S. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities of ethanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.(Malvaceae) in mice. Zhong xi yijie he xuebao= Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine. 2011 Jun 1;9(6):626-31.
25. Fakeye TO, Pal A, Bawankule DU, Khanuja SP. Immunomodulatory effect of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.(Family Malvaceae) in a mouse model. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2008 May;22(5):664-8.
26. Kao ES, Hsu JD, Wang CJ, Yang SH, Cheng SY, Lee HJ. Polyphenols extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by improving antioxidative conditions and regulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2009 Feb 23;73(2):385-90.
27. Beltrán-Debón R, Alonso-Villaverde C, Aragones G, Rodriguez-Medina I, Rull A, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Camps J, Joven J. The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calices modulates the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in humans. Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar 1;17(3-4):186-91.
28. Lee WC, Wang CJ, Chen YH, Hsu JD, Cheng SY, Chen HC, Lee HJ. Polyphenol extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus attenuate nephropathy in experimental type 1 diabetes. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Mar 25;57(6):2206-10.
29. Wang SC, Lee SF, Wang CJ, Lee CH, Lee WC, Lee HJ. Aqueous Extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating Oxidative Status and Akt/Bad/14‐3‐3γ in an Experimental Animal Model. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;2011(1):938126.
30. Mossalam HH, Abd-El Aty OA, Morgan EN, Youssaf S, Mackawy AM. Biochemical and ultra structure studies of the antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of hibiscus sabdariffa on the nephrotoxicity induced by organophosphorous pesticide (malathion) on the adult albino rats. Journal of American Science. 2011;7(12):561-72.
31. Tseng TH, Wang CJ, Kao ES. Hibiscus protocatechuic acid protects against oxidative damage induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide in rat primary hepatocytes. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 1996 Aug 14;101(2):137-48.
32. Lin HH, Huang HP, Huang CC, Chen JH, Wang CJ. Hibiscus polyphenol‐rich extract induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells via p53 phosphorylation and p38 MAPK/FasL cascade pathway. Molecular Carcinogenesis: Published in cooperation with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. 2005 Jun;43(2):86-99.
33. Lin HH, Chan KC, Sheu JY, Hsuan SW, Wang CJ, Chen JH. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chemistry. 2012 May 15;132(2):880-91.
34. Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Zamilpa A, Perez-Garcia MD, Almanza-Perez JC, Romero-Nuñez E, Campos-Sepulveda EA, Vazquez-Carrillo LI, Roman-Ramos R. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007 Oct 8;114(1):66-71.
35. Carvajal-Zarrabal O, Waliszewski SM, Barradas-Dermitz DM, Orta-Flores Z, Hayward-Jones PM, Nolasco-Hipólito C, Angulo-Guerrero O, Sánchez-Ricaño R, Infanzón RM, Trujillo PR. The consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa dried calyx ethanolic extract reduced lipid profile in rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2005 Dec;60:153-9.
36. Herranz-López M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Pérez-Sanchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Menéndez JA, Alonso-Villaverde C, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J, Micol V. Synergism of plant-derived polyphenols in adipogenesis: perspectives and implications. Phytomedicine. 2012 Feb 15;19(3-4):253-61.
37. Peng CH, Chyau CC, Chan KC, Chan TH, Wang CJ, Huang CN. Hibiscus sabdariffapolyphenolic extract inhibits hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycation-oxidative stress while improving insulin resistance. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011 Sep 28;59(18):9901-9.
38. Gaya I, Mohammad O, Suleiman A, Maje M, Adekunle A. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino wistar rats. The Internet Journal of Endocrinology. 2009;5(2):1-6.
39. Alsaed AA, Almazari I, Elshikh MS. Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: Chemical composition, health benefits, and applications. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,2022 16(4), 67-79.
40. Fauzi MA, Taher M, Zainudin M I. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies,2010; 20, 1-13.
41. Oktay M. Antioxidant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces. Food Chemistry, 80(4),2003; 677-681.
42. JägerAK.Polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa: Immunomodulatory activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2018; 225, 1-10.
43. Elsayed SI, Sabra AS, Omer EA. Role of plant extracts and biostimulant in mitigating plant drought and salinity stress. InClimate-Resilient Agriculture, Vol 2: Agro-Biotechnological Advancement for Crop Production 2023 Nov 10 (pp. 571-602). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
44. Naidu M. Secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Phytochemistry Reviews, 2020;19(6), 1105-1124.
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20/02/2025
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Kumari, N., Singh, A. P., & Singh, A. P. (2025). Hibiscus sabdariffa l.-a review on its pharmacological activity & medicinal uses. The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.37022/tjmdr.v5i1.666
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