Effect of chronic administration of the total aqueous extract of sacoglottis gabonensis stem bark on serum markers and some organs in wistar rats
Abstract
Sacoglottis gabonensis is a plant used in the treatment of Buruli ulcer in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to verify the safety of the total aqueous extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis stem bark (TAESg) on serum and organ markers in Wistar rats over a six-month period. 80 rats were divided into four groups, namely A, B, C and D of 20 rats/group. These groups respectively received distilled water and TAESg at doses of 3.5, 17.5 and 35 mg/kg bw orally at 1 mL/100 g bw. At the end of the experiment, venous blood from the retroorbital sinus was collected in dry tubes to determine the chronic effect of TAESg on biochemical parameters and anatomo-histology. This study showed that daily oral administration of TAESg for six months had no effect on serum enzyme and metabolite levels. However, a highly significant (p˂ 0.0001) increase in calcium and sodium levels was observed in group D rats compared to group A rats. As for anatomo-histology, TAESg administration did not alter the morphology and tissue integrity of the vital organs liver, kidneys and heart. In short, TAESg is non-toxic to biochemical parameters and organs. Formulations are needed to make it available to the general public.
Keywords:
Ulcère de burili, Sacoglottis gabonensis, safety, , biochemical parameters, anatomo-histology, rat
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References
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34. Asyura SNN, Hamzah H, Shaari RM, Sithambaram S, Mustapha NM. Blood profiles and histopathological changes of liver and kidney tissues from male Sprague Dawley rats Treated with Ethanol Extracts of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf. J. Clin. Toxicol, 2016;6(6):1-10.
2. Guéguen Y, Mouzat K, Ferrari L, Tissandie E, Lobac-caro JM, Paquet F et al. Cytochromes P450 : xenobi-otic metabolism, regulation and clinical importance. Ann. Biol. Clin, 2006;64:535-548.
3. Coleman MD. Human drug metabolism. An introduc-tion 2nd Edn John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2010. p. 346.
4. Gueutin V, Deray-Corinne G, Isnard-Bagnis Nicolas J. Renal physiology. Journal of pharmacology clinic, 2011;30(4):209-214.
5. Blanchard A, Rosa P, Pascal H. Exploration des fonc-tions tubulaires rénales. Néphrologie et Thérapie, 2008;(5):68-83.
6. Movahed A, Gnanasegaran G, Buscombe J, Hall M. Integrating cardiology for nuclear medecine physi-cians. A Guide To Nuclear Medecine Physicians, 2009;(14):4-22.
7. Houngbédji GM, Bouchard P, Frenette J. Mycobacte-rium ulcerans, infections cause progressive muscle at-rophy and dysfunction and mycolactone impairs sat-ellite cell proliferation. American Journal of Physiol-ogy-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physi-ology, 2011;300(3):724-732.
8. Porten K, Sailor K, Comte E, Njikap A, Sobry A, Sihom F et al. Prevalence of Buruli ulcer in Akonolinga Health District, Cameroun: results of a cross sectional survey. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2009;3(6):1-7.
9. Yemoa A, Gbenou J, Affolabi D, Moudachirou M, Bigot A, Anagonou S et al. Beninese medicinal plants as a source of antimycobacterial agents: bioguided frac-tionation and in vitro activity of alkaloids isolated from Holarrhena floribunda used in traditional treat-ment of Buruli ulcer. BioMed Research International, 2015;2-5.
10. Fennell CW, Lindsey KL, McGaw LJ, Sprag SG, Stafford GI, Elgoraschi EE et al. Assessing African medicinal plants for efficacy and safety: Pharmacological screening and toxicology. J. Ethnopharmacol, 2004;94:205-217
11. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Barraud H, Petit-Laurent F, Ancel D, Watelet J, Chone L, Hudziak H et al. Hépatotoxicité de la phytothérapie : données cliniques, biologiques, histologique et mécanismes en cause pour quelques exemples caractéristiques. Gastroentérol. Clin. Biol, 2004;28(7):540-550.
12. Vangah OM, Kroa E, Zai LP. Recensement des tradip-raticiens de santé, des pratiques, des pathologies et des plantes médicinales de Côte d’Ivoire. TV : Région des Lacs : départements de Toumodi, Yamoussoukro, Tiébissou et la sous-préfecture de Didiévi. Rapport Technique OMS-CI; 2000. p.40.
13. Koné M, Vangah-Manda OM, Kouakou H, Yapo AP, Bléyéré NM, Datté YJ. Influence de Sacoglottis ga-bonensis (Baille) Urban et de Okoubaka aubrevillei. Normand et Pellegrin sur la croissance in vitro de Mycobacterium ulcerans. Médecine Afrique Noire, 2007;54(11):549-554.
14. Koné M, Bléyéré NM, Yapo AP, Vangah MO, Ehile EE. Evaluation de la toxicité d’un extrait aqueux de Sa-coglottis gabonnensis (Baille) Urban (Humiriaceae) chez les rongeurs, une plante utilisée dans le traite-ment de l’ulcère de Buruli en Côte d’Ivoire. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci, 2009;3(6):1286-1296.
15. Kouassi KB. Etude subchronique chez le rat Wistar albinos de l’extrait total aqueux des écorces de tige de Sacoglottis gabonensis (Baille) Urban (Humiriaceae) plante utilisée dans le traitement de l’ulcère de Buruli en Côte d’Ivoire. Thèse de Doctorat, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Côte d’Ivoire; 2018. p. 146.
16. Nagalo O, Koné M, Oussou NJ-B, Yapo AP. Healing activity of a total aqueous extract of Scoglottis ga-bonensis (Baille) Urban on induced wounds in Wistar rat. Eur. J. Biomed. Pharm Sci, 2022a;9(5):328-337.
17. Nagalo O, Konan BNB, Robet EJ, Ossou NJ-B, Koné M. effect of an aqueous extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis stem bark on blood parameters during burn-induced wound healing in Wistar rat. Asian J. Phytomed. Clin. Res, 2025a;13(1):11-20.
18. Nagalo O, Koné M, Oussou NJ-B, Yapo AP. Hemostatic potential of total aqueous extract of Sacoglottis ga-bonensis (Baille) Urban (Humuriaceae) stam bark in Wistar rats pretreated with warfarin. Journal of Cellular and Molécular Physiology, 2022b;4(1):211-219.
19. Nagalo O, Kouamé DKW, Konan BNB, Koné M. anti-inflammatory potential of a total aqueous extract of the stem bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis Baille Urban (Humiriaceae) in Wistar rat. World J. Pharm. Res, 2025b;14(18):918-934.
20. OCDE. Série sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et vérification du respect de ces principes. ENV/MC/CHEM (98), 1998;(17):22-23.
21. OCDE. Ligne directrice 452 de l’OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, étude de toxicité orale à dose répétée – rongeurs : 12 mois. OCDE 452; 2009. p.16.
22. Laroche MJ, Rousselet F. Les animaux de laboratoire. Ethique et bonne pratiques-Masson, 1990;167-187.
23. Hould R. Technique d’histopathologie et de cytopa-thologie. Edition Maloine, Paris, France; 1984. p.399.
24. Rocquelin G. Recherches anatomopathologiques chez le rat ingérant différentes doses d’huile d’arachide ou d’huile de colza à faible teneur en acide érucique (Huile de colza Primor): Croissance des animaux et poids des organes. Ann. Biol. Anim., Biochim., Bio-phys, 1979;483-485.
25. Valdiguié P. Biochimie clinique. 2ème Edition, Editions Médicales Internationales, France; 2000. p.340.
26. Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Beaudaux J-L, Charpiot P. Explorations en biochimie médicale. Ed Lavoisier; 2019. p.395.
27. Kew MC. Serum amino transferase concentration as evidence of hepatocellular damage. Lancet, 2000;355:591-592.
28. Giannini EG, Testa R, Savarino V. Liver alteration: a guide for clinicians. Can. Med. Assoc. J, 2005;172 (3):367-379.
29. Lyoussi B, Cherkaoui-Tangi K, Morel N, Haddad M, Quetin-Leclerq J. Evaluation of cytotoxic effets and acute and chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of the seeds of Calycotome villosa in rodent. Avicenna J. Phytomed, 2018;8(2):145-158.
30. Balogun F, Ashafa AOT. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity evaluation of aqueous root of Dicoma anomala in Wistar rat. Evidence-Based Complemena-try and alternative Medecine, 2016;1-11.
31. Kamel SJ, Halperin ML. Fluid electrolyte and acid-base physiology: a probem-based approach. 5nd Ed, Philadelphia, WB Saunders; 2016. p.482.
32. Debelo N, Afework M, Debella A, Makonnen E, Ergete W, Geleta B. Assessment of hematological, biochemi-cal and histopathological effects of acute and sub-chronic administration of the aqueous leaves extract of Thymus schimperi in rats. J. Clin. Toxicol, 2016;6 (2):1-9.
33. Scoazec JY. Les cellules endothéliales hépatiques: une diversité insoupçonnée et ses conséquences physi-ologiques et physiopathologiques. Hépato-gastrologie et oncologie digestive, 1999;6 (3):209-220.
34. Asyura SNN, Hamzah H, Shaari RM, Sithambaram S, Mustapha NM. Blood profiles and histopathological changes of liver and kidney tissues from male Sprague Dawley rats Treated with Ethanol Extracts of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf. J. Clin. Toxicol, 2016;6(6):1-10.
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20/10/2025
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Nagalo, O., K. B. KOUASSI, L. C. A. Abale, and M. Kone. “Effect of Chronic Administration of the Total Aqueous Extract of Sacoglottis Gabonensis Stem Bark on Serum Markers and Some Organs in Wistar Rats”. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, Vol. 6, no. 4, Oct. 2025, pp. 15-23, doi:10.46796/ijpc.v6i4.732.
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