Evaluation and Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic and Commensal Phylogenetic Group B2 Escherichia coli

Lamyaa sabeeh Abdullah

doi:10.46795/ijhcbs.v7i3.956

Lamyaa sabeeh Abdullah Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Al-Qadisiyah Education, Diwaniyah, Iraq

DOI https://doi.org/10.46795/ijhcbs.v7i3.956

Abstract

Background: In this research, we evaluated the antibiotic resistance of phylogenetic group B2 of commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), since these isolates are considered the most virulent and the main cause of urinary tract infections, which may be transmitted from the digestive system to the urinary tract through fecal contamination.

Methods: Urine and stool samples were taken from 150 patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Isolates were grown on selective media and named by biochemical tests. Each confirmed isolate was then phylotyped by multiplex PCR. The reaction amplified chuA, yjaA and the TspE4.C2 fragment, following Clermont et al. (2000). Resistance was read by disc diffusion.

Results: Group B2 was carried by 59 (46%) UPEC and 30 (22%) commensal isolates. For most drugs the commensal B2 isolates were the more resistant of the two, but the gap was small. Tetracycline was the only drug to reach nominal significance (P = 0.015, Fisher’s exact test), and it did not hold after correction for multiple comparisons. Every commensal B2 isolate was multi-drug resistant: 50% resisted 3–5 drugs and 13% resisted all ten, against 42% and 5% of UPEC B2 isolates.

Conclusion: Commensal and pathogenic B2 E. coli exhibited broadly similar antibiotic resistance profiles. No statistically significant differences survived correction for multiple testing, although a trend toward higher resistance among commensal isolates was observed. Both commensal and pathogenic isolates were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, while they were highly resistant to the penicillin family.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Phylogenetic groups, UTI, Commensal, antibiotic resistance

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Fratamico PM, DebRoy C, Liu Y, Needleman DS, Baranzoni GM, Feng P. Advances in Molecular Serotyping and Subtyping of Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:644.
2. Ramos S, Silva V, Dapkevicius MLE, Caniça M, Tejedor-Junco MT, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Escherichia coli as Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Among Food-Producing Animals: Health Implications of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Production. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(12):2239.
3. Mbelle NM, Feldman C, Osei Sekyere J, Maningi NE, Modipane L, Essack SY. The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16457.
4. Foxman B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014;28(1):1–13.
5. Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13(5):269–284.
6. Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med. 2002;113 Suppl 1A:5S–13S.
7. Duriez P, Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Bingen E, Chaventré A, Elion J, Picard B, Denamur E. Commensal Escherichia coli isolates are phylogenetically distributed among geographically distinct human populations. Microbiology (Reading). 2001;147(Pt 6):1671–1676.
8. Bergthorsson U, Ochman H. Distribution of chromosome length variation in natural isolates of Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Evol. 1998;15(1):6–16.
9. Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Mobley HL. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2(2):123–140.
10. Russo TA, Johnson JR. Proposal for a new inclusive designation for extraintestinal pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli: ExPEC. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(5):1753–1754.
11. Suits MD, Lang J, Pal GP, Couture M, Jia Z. Structure and heme binding properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ChuX. Protein Sci. 2009;18(4):825–838.
12. Askari N, Ghanbarpour R. Molecular investigation of the colicinogenic Escherichia coli strains that are capable of inhibiting E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15(1):14.
13. Kuznetsova MV, Mihailovskaya VS, Remezovskaya NB, Starčič Erjavec M. Bacteriocin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Farm Animals: Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Potential for Application. Microorganisms. 2022;10(8):1558.
14. Khadhim MK, Kazaal MA. Antibiotics Resistance and Integron Class 1 among Commensal Escherichia coli. AL-Qadisiya Medical Journal. 2017;13(24):1–10.
15. Khadhim MM, Kazaal MA. Association Between Antibiotic Resistance and Integron Class 2 Among Commensal Escherichia coli Genotypic Groups. AL-Qadisiya Medical Journal. 2018;14(25):1–15.
16. Bibbal D, Ruiz P, Sapountzis P, Mazuy-Cruchaudet C, Loukiadis E, Auvray F, Forano E, Bruguère H. Persistent Circulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in Cattle Farms. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:852475.
17. Lange ME, Clarke ST, Boras VF, et al. Commensal Escherichia coli Strains of Bovine Origin Competitively Mitigated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Gnotobiotic Murine Intestinal Colonization Model. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(16):2577.
18. Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Bingen E. Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000;66(10):4555–4558.
19. Kazaal MA, Hamad WA, Atiya WH, Saeed BJ, Abd-Alsatar AN. Impact of Antibiotic Resistance on Sustainable Development Goals. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2023;2776:020016.
20. Pais S, Costa M, Barata AR, Rodrigues L, Afonso IM, Almeida G. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Different Phylogroups of Escherichia coli Isolates from Feces of Breeding and Laying Hens. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;12(1):20.
21. Bakhtiari S, Mahmoudi H, Seftjani SK, Amirzargar MA, Ghiasvand S, Ghaffari ME, Adabi M. Antibiotic resistance pattern and phylogenetic groups of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Hamedan, west of Iran. Iran J Microbiol. 2020;12(5):388–394.
22. Iranpour D, Hassanpour M, Ansari H, Tajbakhsh S, Khamisipour G, Najafi A. Phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains from patients with urinary tract infection in Iran based on the new Clermont phylotyping method. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:846219.
23. Sohrabi R, Zeighami H. Determination of phylogenetic groups and antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli isolated from patients in Zanjan City. J Adv Med Biomed Res. 2016;24:107–118.
24. Anantham S. Analysis of persistent and antibiotic resistant commensal Escherichia coli from healthy adults. PhD thesis. School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Australia. 2014:1–279.
25. Skurnik D, Le Menac’h A, Zurakowski D, Mazel D, Courvalin P, Denamur E, Andremont A, Ruimy R. Integron-associated antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic grouping of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy subjects free of recent antibiotic exposure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(7):3062–3065.
26. Maguire AJ, Brown DF, Gray JJ, Desselberger U. Rapid screening technique for class 1 integrons in Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and its use in molecular epidemiology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45(4):1022–1029.
27. Whelan S, Lucey B, Finn K. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment. Microorganisms. 2023;11(9):2169.
28. Norouzian H, Katouli M, Shahrokhi N, Sabeti S, Pooya M, Bouzari S. The relationship between phylogenetic groups and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from feces and urine of patients with acute or recurrent urinary tract infection. Iran J Microbiol. 2019;11(6):478–487.