A systematic review on chronic respiratory infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Abstract
Chronic infections are associated with exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The major objective of the management of these patients is the prevention and effective treatment of exacerbations. Patients that have increased sputum production, associated with purulence and worsening shortness of breath, are the ones that will benefit from antibiotic therapy. It is important to give the appropriate antibiotic therapy to prevent treatment failure, relapse, and the emergence of resistant pathogens. In some patients, systemic corticosteroids are also indicated to improve symptoms. In order to identify which patients are more likely to benefit from these therapies, clinical guidelines recommend stratifying patients based on their risk factor associated with poor outcome or recurrence. It has been identified that patients with more severe disease, recurrent infection and presence of purulent sputum are the ones that will be more likely to benefit from this therapy. There is a need to design long-term studies to evaluate these interventions in the natural history of the disease. The purpose of this publication is to review our understanding of the role of bacterial infection in patients with COPD exacerbation, the role of antibiotics, and future interventions.
Keywords: c; exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; antibiotics; bacteria; prevention; colonization.
Keywords:
chronic respiratory infections in COPD, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, antibiotics, bacteria, prevention, colonization
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References
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2. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359, 2355–2365. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Matkovic, Z.; Miravitlles, M. Chronic bronchial infection in COPD. Is there an infective phenotype?
4. Respir. Med. 2013, 107, 10–22. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Miravitlles, M.; Marin, A.; Monsó, E.; Vilà, S.; de la Roza, C.; Hervás, R.; Esquinas, C.; García, M.; Millares, L.; Morera, J.; et al. Color of sputum is a marker of bacterial colonization in COPD. Respir. Res. 2010, 11, 58. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Wilkinson, T.M.A.; Patel, I.S.; Wilks, M.; Donaldson, G.C.; Wedzicha, J.A. Airway bacterial load and FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003, 167, 1090–1095. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. Sethi, S. Infection as a comorbidity of COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2010, 35, 1209–1215. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Beasley, V.; Joshi, P.V.; Singanayagam, A.; Molyneaux, P.L.; Johnston, S.L.; Mallia, P. Lung microbiology and exacerbations in COPD. Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Respir. Dis. 2012, 7, 555–569.
9. Sze, M.A.; Dimitriu, P.A.; Hayashi, S.; Elliott, M.; McDonough, J.C.; Gosselink, J.V.; Cooper, J.; Sin, D.D.; Mohn, W.W.; Hogg, J.C. The lung tissue microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2012, 185, 1073–1080. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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11. Staykova, T.; Black, P.; Chacko, E.; Ram, F.S.F.; Poole, P. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2003, CD009764. [CrossRef]
12. Sethi, S. Infectious etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest 2000, 117, 380S–385S. [CrossRef]
13. [PubMed]
14. 11. Papi, A.; Bellettato, C.M.; Braccioni, F.; Romagnoli, M.; Casolari, P.; Caramori, G.; Fabbri, L.M.; Johnston, S.L. Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006, 173, 1114–1121. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. 12. Anthonisen, N.R.; Manfreda, J.; Warren, C.P.; Hershfield, E.S.; Harding, G.K.M.; Nelson, N.A. Antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 1987, 106, 196–204. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. 13. Woodhead, M.; Blasi, F.; Ewig, S.; Garau, J.; Huchon, G.; Ieven, M.; Ortqvist, A.; Schaberg, T.; Torres, A.; van der Heijden, G.; et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2011, 17, E1–E59. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. 14. Stockley, R.A.; O’Brien, C.; Pye, A.; Hill, S.L. Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2000, 117, 1638–1645. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. 15. Miravitlles, M.; Kruesmann, F.; Haverstock, D.; Perroncel, R.; Choudhri, S.; Arvis, P. Sputum colour and bacteria in chronic bronchitis exacerbations: A pooled analysis. Eur. Respir. J. 2012, 39, 1354–1360. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. 16. Soler, N.; Agustí, C.; Angrill, J.; Puig de la Bellacasa, J.; Torres, A. Bronchoscopic validation of the significance of sputum purulence in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2007, 62, 29–35. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. 17. Dreyden, M. Reactive oxygen therapy: A novel therapy in soft tissue infection. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2017,
21. 30, 143–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. 18. Dunnil, C.; Patton, T.; Brennan, J.; Barrett, J.; Dryden, M.; Cooke, J.; Leaper, D.; Georgopoulos, N.T. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wound healing: The functional role of ROS and emerging ROS-modulating technologies for augmentation of the healing process. Int. Wound J. 2015, 14, 89–96. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. 19. Cooke, J.; Dreyden, M.; Patton, T.; Brennan, J.; Barrett, J. The antimicrobial activity of prototype modified honeys that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide. BMC Res. Notes 2015, 8, 20. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. 20. Dreyden, M.; Dickinson, A.; Brooks, J.; Hudgell, L.; Saeed, K.; Cutting, K.F. A multicenter clinical evaluation of reactive oxygen topical wound gel in 114 wounds. J. Wound Care 2016, 25, 140–146. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. Halstead, F.B.; Webber, M.A.; Rauf, M.; Burt, R.; Dryden, M.; Oppenheim, B.A. In Vitro activity of an engineered honey, medical-grade honeys, and antimicrobial wound dressings against biofilm-producing clinical bacterial isolates. J. Wound Care 2016, 25, 93–102. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. Barton, L.L.; Fauque, G.D. Biochemistry, physiology and biotechnology of sulfate-producing bacteria.
Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 2009, 68, 41–98. [PubMed]
27. Winterbourn, C.C. The biological chemistry of hydrogen peroxide. Methods Enzymol. 2013, 528, 3–25. [PubMed]
28. Olson, K.R.; Straub, K.D. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Evolution and the Evolution of Hydrogen Sulfide in Metabolism and Signaling. Physiology 2016, 31, 60–72. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
29. Llor, C.; Moragas, A.; Hernández, S.; Bayona, C.; Miravitlles, M. Efficacy of antibiotic therapy for acute
exacerbations of mild to moderate COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2012, 186, 716–723. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30. Monso, E.; Ruiz, J.; Rosell, A.; Manterola, J.; Fiz, J.; Morera, J.; Ausina, V. Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995, 152, 1316–1320. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. Nouira, S.; Marghli, S.; Belghith, M.; Besbes, L.; Elatrous, S.; Abroug, F. Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001, 358, 2020–2025. [CrossRef]
32. White, A.J.; Gompertz, S.; Bayley, D.L.; Hill, S.L.; O’Brien, C.; Unsal, I.; Stockley, R.A. Resolution of bronchial inflammation is related to bacterial eradication following treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Thorax 2003, 58, 680–685. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
33. Vogelmeier, C.F.; Criner, G.J.; Martínez, F.J.; Anzueto, A.; Barnes, P.J.; Bourbeau, J.; Celli, B.R.; Chen, R.;
34. Decramer, M.; Fabbri, L.M.; et al. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. Arch. Bronconeumol. 2017, 53, 128–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Published
04/12/2024
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K, S., V. S. Jk, V. S. K, N. S. P, R. Y, and P. C. Y. “A Systematic Review on Chronic Respiratory Infection in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”. International Journal of Health Care and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, no. 4, Dec. 2024, pp. 13-21, doi:10.46795/ijhcbs.v5i4.639.
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