An Overview of Novel Drug Therapies for Viral Myocarditis

Abstract

Sudden cardiac death usually follows a cardiotropic viral infection, which is followed by aggressive inflammatory destruction of the myocardium. Myocarditis is a common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. This disease's variable clinical manifestations and range of aetiologies have made it difficult to characterize. Viral infections are the primary cause of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Developments in cardiac MRI and molecular viral identification using endomyocardial biopsies have enhanced our capacity to identify and comprehend the pathophysiological underpinnings of this enigmatic illness. For both the acute and chronic stages of myocarditis, there are currently few treatment options available. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments have shown promise in a number of randomized, controlled trials; nonetheless, more research is necessary. This Review delves into the pathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis methods, and evidence-based therapy approaches for myocarditis. The field of myocarditis treatments is set to advance with the development of new imaging modalities and human in vitro disease models.