A Closer Look at Guillain-Barre Syndrome and its Variants
Abstract
The name "Guillain-Barré Syndrome" (GBS) is used to refer to a group of clinically and electrophysiologically diverse illnesses that are all characterized by acute onset regional or widespread flaccid paralysis, either with or without sensory loss. Clinically, GBS can manifest as circumscribed involvement, generalized weakness, or the uncommon central nervous system involvement known as Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis. Axonal or demyelinating characteristics may exist electrophysiologically, and these characteristics can impact a patient's prognosis. It's critical to distinguish GBS from other mimics by understanding its variations. Differentiating between GBS variations may be aided by nerve conduction testing and anti-ganglioside antibodies. New therapeutic approaches are being developed based on the pathophysiology of GBS variations, even though existing treatment guidelines are comparable for different subtypes. This article provides an overview of our current knowledge regarding the etiology and clinical characteristics of GBS and its variations.
Keywords:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), Miller Fisher syndrome
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References
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2. Wakerley BR, Yuki N. Mimics and chameleons in Guillain–Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes. Practical neurology. 2015 Apr 1;15(2):90-9.
3. Willison HJ, Goodyear CS. Glycolipid antigens and autoantibodies in autoimmune neuropathies. Trends in immunology. 2013 Sep 1;34(9):453-9.
4. Huizinga R, van Rijs W, Bajramovic J, Geleijns K, Tio-Gillen A, Fokkink WJ, Heikema A, Samsom J, Laman J, van Doom PA, Jacobs BC. Innate immunity to campylobacter jejuni in GBS: the role of LPS-binding protein. In JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2015 Jun 1 (Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 160-160). 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
5. Shaik Silar SS, Suryaprabha M, Baburao Chandu BC, Sreekanth Nama SN, Irfan P, Harshavardhan Pathapati HP, Pisipati SV. Featal alcohol syndrome.
6. Shaik S, Suryaprabha M, Baburao C, Sreekanth N, Irfan P, Harshavardhan P, Pisipati SV. Featal alcohol syndrome. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry. 2012;2(2):371-5.
7. Winer JB, Hughes RA, Anderson MJ, Jones DM, Kangro H, Watkins RP. A prospective study of acute idiopathic neuropathy. II. Antecedent events. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1988 May 1;51(5):613-8.
8. Dey B, Hwisa NT, Khalf AM, Mitra A, Katakam P, Rao CB. Pharmaco-epidemiological Studies on Self Medication and Drug Utilization Pattern in Chronic Diseases via Prescription Auditing. International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge. 2013 Nov 1;1(11):464.
9. Webb AJ, Brain SA, Wood R, Rinaldi S, Turner MR. Seasonal variation in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Oxfordshire cohort study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2015 Nov 1;86(11):1196-201.
10. Jackson BR, Zegarra JA, López-Gatell H, Sejvar J, Arzate F, Waterman S, Núñez AS, Lopez B, Weiss J, Cruz RQ, Murrieta DL. Binational outbreak of Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection, Mexico and USA, 2011. Epidemiology & Infection. 2014 May;142(5):1089-99.
11. Geleijns K, Brouwer BA, Jacobs BC, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Van Duijn CM, Van Doorn PA. The occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome within families. Neurology. 2004 Nov 9;63(9):1747-50.
12. Naik KR, Saroja AO, Patil BP. Familial Guillain-Barré syndrome: First Indian report. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2012 Jan 1;15(1):44-7.
13. Jacobs BC, Rothbarth PH, Van der Meché FG, Herbrink P, Schmitz PI, De Klerk MA, Van Doorn PA. The spectrum of antecedent infections in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case-control study. Neurology. 1998 Oct;51(4):1110-5.
14. GeurtsvanKessel CH, Islam Z, Mohammad QD, Jacobs BC, Endtz HP, Osterhaus AD. Hepatitis e and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clinical infectious diseases. 2013 Nov 1;57(9):1369-70.
15. van den Berg B, van der Eijk AA, Pas SD, Hunter JG, Madden RG, Tio-Gillen AP, Dalton HR, Jacobs BC. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with preceding hepatitis E virus infection. Neurology. 2014 Feb 11;82(6):491-7.
16. Kumar KR, Nagaraju GV, Subrahmanyam SN, Nagarani K, Shareef S, Tennygilphin M, Namballa M. Assessment on Elements Involving the Academic Performance among Pharmacy Students: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Int J Cur Res Rev| Vol. 2021 Dec;13(23):141.
17. Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, Keenlyside RA, Ziegler DW, Retailliau HF, Eddins DL, Bryan JA. Guillain-Barré syndrome following vaccination in the national influenza immunization program, United States, 1976–1977. American journal of epidemiology. 1979 Aug 1;110(2):105-23.
18. Kuitwaard K, Bos‐Eyssen ME, Blomkwist‐Markens PH, Van Doorn PA. Recurrences, vaccinations and long‐term symptoms in GBS and CIDP. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. 2009 Dec;14(4):310-5.
19. Wakerley BR, Uncini A, Yuki N. Guillain–Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes—new diagnostic classification. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2014 Sep;10(9):537-44.
20. Barohn RJ, Saperstein DS. Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. InSeminars in neurology 1998 (Vol. 18, No. 01, pp. 49-61)
Published
18/08/2024
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How to Cite
Shaik, A. R. “A Closer Look at Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Its Variants ”. International Journal of Health Care and Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, no. 3, Aug. 2024, pp. 1-5, doi:10.46795/ijhcbs.v5i3.616.
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