Isolation of Mucorspp from patients with otitis media and its sensitivity to antifungals
Abstract
The current study dealt with patients with otitis media, where the fungus was isolated from different pathological conditions, and the patients were distributed according to age, sex, residence, and chronic diseases.The fungal species isolated from these patients were diagnosed, and the focus was on Mucor as it is dangerous and may cause black fungus disease, as it was diagnosed phenotypically and molecularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a drug sensitivity test was conducted. The results showed that men are more susceptible to infection than women, and adults are more susceptible than adolescents and children, and chronic diseases increased the incidence.The study showed an average ability of Mucor spp to produce hydrolytic enzymes, which makes it dangerous only for patients with low immunity. The study also showed that the fungus is resistant to antifungals except for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and ketoconazole, where the diameter of inhibition was 32, 14, and 10 mm, respectively.
Keywords:
Mucor, otitis media, antifungals, Mucormycosis and virulence factors
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References
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29. S. Morin-Sardin, P. Nodet, E. Coton, and J.-L. Jany, "Mucor: A Janus-faced fungal genus with human health impact and industrial applications," Fungal Biology Reviews, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 12-32, 2017.
30. K. Karimi and A. Zamani, "Mucor indicus: biology and industrial application perspectives: a review," Biotechnology advances, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 466-481, 2013.
31. Talib Jawad, S., F Shihab, A., & Al-Taher, Q. M. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, Cladophora and two fish species from Al-Masab Alamm River, Al-Nassiriya, Iraq. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2022, 20(4), 805-812.
32. Jawed S T, Al-Taher Q M, Shihab A F. Norouzi S. Melanoides tuberculate as Bioindicator of the Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediment Pollution of Euphrates River at Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Health Education and Health Promotion. 2022 ;10(2):247-253.
33. Al-Taher, Q. M., Akbar, M. M., & Al-Qarooni, I. H. Estimation of heavy metals in water, sediments and bioaccumulation in pseudodontopsis Euphraticus and bellamya bengalensis in Euphrates river in al-nassiriyah city/south of Iraq. Plant Archives. 2020, 20(2), 1454-1460.
34. ZADEH, Firoozeh Abolhasani, et al. Cytotoxicity evaluation of environmentally friendly synthesis Copper/Zinc bimetallic nanoparticles on MCF-7 cancer cells. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 2022, 1-7.
35. ROHMAH, Martina Kurnia, et al. Modulatory role of dietary curcumin and resveratrol on growth performance, serum immunity responses, mucus enzymes activity, antioxidant capacity and serum and mucus biochemicals in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to abamectin. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2022, 129: 221-230.
36. ARIF, Anam, et al. The functions and molecular mechanisms of Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer. International Immunopharmacology, 2023, 114: 109581.
37. MARGIANA, Ria, et al. Functions and therapeutic interventions of non-coding RNAs associated with TLR signaling pathway in atherosclerosis. Cellular Signalling, 2022, 100: 110471.
38. H. A. Al-Hchaimi, M. F. Alhamaidah, H. Alkhfaji, M. T. Qasim, A. H. Al-Nussairi and H. S. Abd-Alzahra, "Intraoperative Fluid Management for Major Neurosurgery: Narrative study," 2022 International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), 2022, pp. 311-314, doi: 10.1109/ISMSIT56059.2022.9932659.
39. LEI, Zimeng, et al. Detection of abemaciclib, an anti-breast cancer agent, using a new electrochemical DNA biosensor. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2022, 10.
40. BASHAR, Bashar S., et al. Application of novel Fe3O4/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures as an antimicrobial agent and magnetic nanocatalyst in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2022, 10.
2. C.-C. Fu, C.-H. Su, G. R. Nair, Y.-S. Sung, and W.-T. Wu, "Estimation of fungal biomass and lipid production by morphological characteristics of Mucor rouxii," Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 367-371, 2010.
3. A. M. Sugar, "Mucormycosis," Clinical infectious diseases, vol. 14, no. Supplement_1, pp. S126-S129, 1992.
4. A. S. Ibrahim, B. Spellberg, T. J. Walsh, and D. P. Kontoyiannis, "Pathogenesis of mucormycosis," Clinical infectious diseases, vol. 54, no. suppl_1, pp. S16-S22, 2012.
5. A. K. Singh, R. Singh, S. R. Joshi, and A. Misra, "Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India," Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 102146, 2021.
6. K. Alekseyev, L. Didenko, and B. Chaudhry, "Rhinocerebral mucormycosis and COVID-19 pneumonia," Journal of medical cases, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 85, 2021.
7. D. Ghosh et al., "Mucormycosis: A new threat to Coronavirus disease 2019 with special emphasis on India," Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, p. 101013, 2022.
8. A. J. Al-Mosawi, "The pattern of covid-19 disease in Iraq during the year 2020," Sch. Int J. Anat. Physiol, vol. 4, pp. 127-134, 2021.
9. A. J. Al-Mosawi, "Iraq healthcare system during the first year of Covid-19 pandemic," Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research. SRC/JBBR-139. DOI: doi. org/10.47363/JBBR/2021 (3), vol. 138, pp. 2-12, 2021.
10. F. Osazuwa et al., "Etiologic agents of otitis media in Benin city, Nigeria," North American journal of medical sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 95, 2011.
11. M. Ghaly, A. Shaheen, A. Bouhy, and M. Bendary, "Alternative therapy to manage otitis media caused by multidrug-resistant fungi," Archives of microbiology, vol. 202, pp. 1231-1240, 2020.
12. S. Saito, T. Michailides, and C. Xiao, "Mucor rot—an emerging postharvest disease of mandarin fruit caused by Mucor piriformis and other Mucor spp. In california," Plant disease, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 1054-1063, 2016.
13. G. S. De Hoog and J. Guarro, Atlas of clinical fungi. Centraalbureau voor schimmelcultures, 1995.
14. F. E. Nicolás et al., "Molecular tools for carotenogenesis analysis in the mucoral Mucor circinelloides," Microbial Carotenoids: Methods and Protocols, pp. 221-237, 2018.
15. A. Hermet, D. Méheust, J. Mounier, G. Barbier, and J.-L. Jany, "Molecular systematics in the genus Mucor with special regards to species encountered in cheese," Fungal biology, vol. 116, no. 6, pp. 692-705, 2012.
16. M. Kadhim Alshibly and N. Fazil, "Survey of fungi found in books on the shelves of the libraries of the University of Qadisiyah-Iraq," in Materials Science and Engineering Conference Series, 2019, vol. 571, no. 1, p. 012042.
17. R. H. Abeid and M. K. Al-Shibly, "THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH USED CLOTHES AND STUDYING THE VIRULENCE OF A. TERREUS AS ONE OF THE FUNGI CONTAMINATING CLOTHES," Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, vol. 32, p. 3.
18. A. A. H. Mohi and M. K. A. Al-Shibly, "Investigation of Melanin in Dermatophytes that Isolated from Primary Schools Students," Journal of Global Pharma Technology, vol. 11, no. 05, 2009.
19. M. K. Al-Shibly and A. M. Al-Marshedy, "Molecular study of virulence factors influencing the pathogenicity of Trichophyton rubrum," Eco. Env. & Cons., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 153-158, 2019.
20. M. A. Ghannoum, "Extracellular phospholipases as universal virulence factor in pathogenic fungi," Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 55-59, 1998.
21. C. K. Ng, D. Obando, F. Widmer, L. C. Wright, T. C. Sorrell, and K. A. Jolliffe, "Correlation of antifungal activity with fungal phospholipase inhibition using a series of bisquaternary ammonium salts," Journal of medicinal chemistry, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 811-816, 2006.
22. M. A. Ghannoum, "Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis," Clinical microbiology reviews, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 122-143, 2000.
23. A. P. Nayak, B. J. Green, and D. H. Beezhold, "Fungal hemolysins," Medical mycology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2013.
24. J. O. Klein, "Otitis media," Clinical infectious diseases, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 823-832, 1994.
25. A. G. Schilder et al., "Otitis media," Nature reviews Disease primers, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 2016.
26. A. A. o. P. S. o. M. o. A. O. Media, "Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media," Pediatrics, vol. 113, no. 5, pp. 1451-1465, 2004.
27. M. Uhari, K. Mäntysaari, and M. Niemelä, "Meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media," Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1079-1083, 1996.
28. Y. Zhang, M. Xu, J. Zhang, L. Zeng, Y. Wang, and Q. Y. Zheng, "Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media–a meta-analysis," PloS one, vol. 9, no. 1, p. e86397, 2014.
29. S. Morin-Sardin, P. Nodet, E. Coton, and J.-L. Jany, "Mucor: A Janus-faced fungal genus with human health impact and industrial applications," Fungal Biology Reviews, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 12-32, 2017.
30. K. Karimi and A. Zamani, "Mucor indicus: biology and industrial application perspectives: a review," Biotechnology advances, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 466-481, 2013.
31. Talib Jawad, S., F Shihab, A., & Al-Taher, Q. M. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, Cladophora and two fish species from Al-Masab Alamm River, Al-Nassiriya, Iraq. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2022, 20(4), 805-812.
32. Jawed S T, Al-Taher Q M, Shihab A F. Norouzi S. Melanoides tuberculate as Bioindicator of the Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediment Pollution of Euphrates River at Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Health Education and Health Promotion. 2022 ;10(2):247-253.
33. Al-Taher, Q. M., Akbar, M. M., & Al-Qarooni, I. H. Estimation of heavy metals in water, sediments and bioaccumulation in pseudodontopsis Euphraticus and bellamya bengalensis in Euphrates river in al-nassiriyah city/south of Iraq. Plant Archives. 2020, 20(2), 1454-1460.
34. ZADEH, Firoozeh Abolhasani, et al. Cytotoxicity evaluation of environmentally friendly synthesis Copper/Zinc bimetallic nanoparticles on MCF-7 cancer cells. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 2022, 1-7.
35. ROHMAH, Martina Kurnia, et al. Modulatory role of dietary curcumin and resveratrol on growth performance, serum immunity responses, mucus enzymes activity, antioxidant capacity and serum and mucus biochemicals in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to abamectin. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2022, 129: 221-230.
36. ARIF, Anam, et al. The functions and molecular mechanisms of Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer. International Immunopharmacology, 2023, 114: 109581.
37. MARGIANA, Ria, et al. Functions and therapeutic interventions of non-coding RNAs associated with TLR signaling pathway in atherosclerosis. Cellular Signalling, 2022, 100: 110471.
38. H. A. Al-Hchaimi, M. F. Alhamaidah, H. Alkhfaji, M. T. Qasim, A. H. Al-Nussairi and H. S. Abd-Alzahra, "Intraoperative Fluid Management for Major Neurosurgery: Narrative study," 2022 International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), 2022, pp. 311-314, doi: 10.1109/ISMSIT56059.2022.9932659.
39. LEI, Zimeng, et al. Detection of abemaciclib, an anti-breast cancer agent, using a new electrochemical DNA biosensor. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2022, 10.
40. BASHAR, Bashar S., et al. Application of novel Fe3O4/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures as an antimicrobial agent and magnetic nanocatalyst in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2022, 10.
Published
20/05/2023
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How to Cite
Al-Ameri, K. H. A., and A. A. Nasser. “Isolation of Mucorspp from Patients With Otitis Media and Its Sensitivity to Antifungals”. International Journal of Health Care and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4, no. 2, May 2023, pp. 57-62, doi:10.46795/ijhcbs.v4i2.446.
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