A review on gerd (gastroesophageal reflux disease) and its management

Deepika Jakkala; Sribharathi Yeddu; Afroz Patan; Prapurna Chandra Yadala

doi:10.37022/jcscr.v4i3.762

Jakkala Deepika B.Pharmacy, IV Year, Ratnam Institute of pharmacy, Pidathapolur, (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradhesh.
Yeddu Sribharathi Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Ratnam Institute of pharmacy, Pidathapolur, (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh.
Afroz Patan Professor and HOD, Department of pharmacy practice, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh.
Yadala Prapurna Chandra Principal and Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur, (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh.

DOI https://doi.org/10.37022/jcscr.v4i3.762

Abstract

The backward movement of stomach contents into the esophagus is an indicator of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a chronic illness that causes symptoms like regurgitation, heartburn, and chest pain. It is brought on by problems with the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), delayed stomach emptying, poor esophageal clearance, and elevated intra-abdominal pressure. A common condition in the world that affects both adults and children, GERD is impacted by dietary practices, lifestyle choices, obesity, and some medications. Pharmacological treatment, lifestyle changes, and, in extreme or unresponsive cases, surgery are all part of the management of GERD. Weight loss, abstaining from trigger foods, raising the head of the bed, and giving up alcohol and tobacco are examples of lifestyle modifications. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 receptor antagonists, and prokinetics is the mainstays of pharmacologic care. Substances that seek to enhance esophageal motility and decrease acid secretion. Patients who are not responding to medicinal therapy or who have anatomical problems may be candidates for surgical and endoscopic procedures, such as magnetic sphincter augmentation and Nissen fundoplication. Because weight loss reduces intra-abdominal pressure and reflux episodes, recent study also highlights the importance of managing obesity, including bariatric surgery, in relieving GERD symptoms. Individualized treatment plans based on patient complications, symptom frequency, and illness severity are necessary for effective long-term care. Keywords: Fundoplication, bariatric surgery, obesity, lifestyle modification, heartburn, proton pump inhibitors, and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Keywords: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Heartburn, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Fundoplication, Bariatric Surgery, Obesity, Lifestyle Modification

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