Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JIAPS)

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of bacopa monnieri in swiss albino mice

Madhava Kumari M, Renuka B — Sun, 21 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Depression is a common symptom of mental illness. Typical symptoms include a low mood, loss of appetite, feelings of guilt or inadequacy, trouble sleeping or restlessness, and lack of energy. Mimosa pudica is traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments due to its numerous healing properties. The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding of the antidepressant activity of Bacopa monnieri. Researchers investigated the potential of an ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri (EEBM) to alleviate depression in Swiss albino mice. Imipramine was used as the standard drug for comparison. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates in the extract. EEBM caused no mortality when administered orally at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, despite some notable behavioral effects. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, EEBM significantly reduced immobility time in both the Forced Swim Test (FST) and the Tail Suspension Test (TST). The decreased immobility time observed in these tests indicates that EEBM exhibits superior antidepressant activity, likely due to enhanced central 5-HT (serotonin) or catecholamine neurotransmission.

Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of ocimum sanctum leaf extract

Madhavi Kumari M, Revathi Reddy Koyya — Sun, 21 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The antimicrobial and antifungal properties of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract were the primary motivation for this investigation. The aim of this review is to summarize current antimicrobial research and identify the potential treatments for specific parasitic and bacterial infections. The ethnomedicinal herb Ocimum sanctum was studied for its microbiological activity, particularly in the development of potential antimicrobials against therapeutically significant bacterial and parasitic strains. Methanol was used to extract the active components from the leaves. The antibacterial effects of the extracts were assessed using the agar well diffusion method. A variety of microorganisms were tested, including two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes), two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and three fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus, and Candida albicans). The results indicated a significant inhibition of microbial growth, suggesting strong antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical analysis of the plant revealed a variety of secondary metabolites in close proximity, which may have acted synergistically to enhance the antimicrobial effect of Ocimum sanctum. These findings suggest that Ocimum sanctum holds promise as a source of bioactive compounds for further pharmaceutical research and development.

Evaluation of antiulcer activity of emblica officinalis fruit extract in rats

Madhavi Kumari M, Chakraborty Pretom — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis Fruit (EEEO) was investigated in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in experimental rats. In both models the common parameter determined was ulcer index. Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit at a dose of 150 and 300mg/kg produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation induced ulcer and ethanol induced gastric ulcer. The extract (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. This present study indicates that EEEO have potential anti-ulcer activity in both models. The findings of this study confirmed that EEEO has anti-ulcer pharmacologic activity due to one or more of the secondary metabolites present in it. Therefore, this study validates its anti-ulcer use in Ethiopian folk medicine. Further investigations on isolation of specific phytochemicals and elucidating mechanisms of action are needed.

Simultaneous Estimation of Nitazoxanide and Ofloxacin in Tablets using RP-HPLC method

Sri Venkatesh U, Pooja Mamidi — Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for simultaneous estimation of nitazoxanide and ofloxacin in tablet formulation. The separation and quantification was achieved by Hiq Sil C18 V Size 4.6 mm *250 mm column in isocratic mode, with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-methanol-0.4 M citric acid, (60:30:10, v/v/v). Citric acid used to stabilize nitazoxanide and ofloxacin in mobile phase. The mobile phase was pumped at a rate of 0.6 ml/min and the detection was carried out at 304 nm. The retention time of ofloxacin and nitazoxanide was found to be 3.122 and 5.902 min, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, and precision. Linearity for ofloxacin and nitazoxanide were in the range 2-36 µg/ml and 5-90 µg/ml, respectively. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise and selective for simultaneous estimation of ofloxacin and nitazoxanide in tablets.

Advancements in targeted drug delivery system: a review of novel approaches and carrier systems

Shasank D, Naga Subrahmanyam S, Suvarna Jyothi Navuduri — Sat, 04 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Targeted drug delivery systems have transformed pharmaceutical sciences by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance. This review article explores the evolution of drug delivery systems, highlighting the importance of targeted approaches in disease management. We examine the principles, advantages, and limitations of various carrier systems, including liposomes, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, niosomes, and quantum dots. These systems demonstrate potential in delivering drugs specifically to the site of action, minimizing toxicity, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The article discusses challenges and future directions in targeted drug delivery development, emphasizing the need for further research in nanotechnology and biomaterials. By understanding targeted drug delivery systems' potential, researchers and clinicians can develop more effective and safer treatments. This review provides insights into the current state of targeted drug delivery, highlighting its potential to revolutionize disease management. The development of novel carrier systems and approaches is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes and patient quality of life.

A review on: estimation and utilization of phytoconstituents in digoxin, atropine, vinblastine

Sireesha Badri, Jaya Deepa P, Padmaja K, Anjali K, Divya P — Mon, 06 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The word Pharmacognosy comes from the Greek language. Pharmakon means drug, and gignosco means to acquire knowledge. Medicinal plants are rich in bioactive phytoconstituents that play an important role in therapy.Digitoxin, atropine, and vinblastine are classical examples of plant-derived drugs with high clinical value. Estimated by spectrophotometry, HPLC, and immunoassays for therapeutic drug monitoring. Crude drugs are natural substances obtained from plants, animals, minerals, marine life, or microorganisms. Pharmacognosy is the scientific study of drugs that come from natural sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and lipids, are essential for plant growth and development. Secondary metabolites, on the other hand, are not directly involved in growth but play a vital role in the survival of plants.

UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of pure nicotine

Vengamma N, Asma Parveen SK, Prapurna Chandra Yadala, Suchithra M — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry is a simple, precise, and economical analytical technique widely used for quantitative estimation of organic and pharmaceutical compounds. The present study focuses on the development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of pure nicotine. Nicotine, a tertiary amine alkaloid primarily found in tobacco leaves, possesses characteristic UV absorbance due to its conjugated pyridine and pyrrolidine rings, exhibiting a maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) around 260 nm. Methanol was selected as the optimal solvent because of its high transparency in the UV region and excellent solubility for nicotine. The proposed method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2(R2) guidelines by assessing parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), robustness, and ruggedness. The calibration curve demonstrated good linearity within the range of 2–12 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r²) greater than 0.998. Recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the method, while %RSD values below 2% indicated excellent precision. The LOD and LOQ were found to be within acceptable limits, establishing the method’s sensitivity and reliability. The results confirm that the developed UV spectrophotometric method is simple, accurate, reproducible, and suitable for routine quality control analysis of nicotine in pure and pharmaceutical formulations.

A review on: anti migraine aromatherapy roll on with instant cooling effect

Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Migraines are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the most common neurological disorders. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and examination, with imaging rarely required. The frequency of headache days determines whether a patient has episodic or chronic migraine. Attacks can last from four to seventy-two hours and cause significant disruption to daily life. Although headaches are widespread-affecting up to 90% of people annually-about 16–17% experience migraines specifically. Migraines result from complex changes in blood vessels and brain activity and are more prevalent in females, particularly during adolescence and later life, being twice as common in older women as in men. Treatment involves both acute management of attacks and preventive strategies. While medications may be needed for frequent or severe episodes, self-care and lifestyle modifications play key roles. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, getting adequate sleep, and managing stress are essential for prevention and overall wellbeing. Complementary approaches such as aromatherapy-using essential oils and plant extracts-are increasingly popular. Studies indicate aromatherapy may alleviate stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, promote relaxation, and reduce pain, thereby improving sleep quality. Ultimately, combining medical treatment with holistic practices can enhance recovery and reduce recurrence, offering an effective, practical approach to managing migraines.