Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JIAPS)

COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF MALE AND BISEXUAL FLOWER OF KADALI (MUSA PARADISIACA L.)

2026-04-11T08:02:27+0530

Background: The Sanskrit word Kadali means a plant with profuse water. It is known as Kela in Hindi. The botanical name of Kadali is Musa paradisica Linn. belongs to family Musaceae. In Vedas Kadali was not mentioned but in Nighantus the plant is classified in different Gana or Varga. Banana is an herbaceous flowering plant in the genus Musa belonging to family Musaceae. The flowers of kadali used in the treatment of breast cancer, hypertension, anemia dysentery, bronchial asthma, dysmenorrhoea, wound healing, menorrhagia, type 2 diabetes, bowel diseases, antibacterial etc.

Objective: Present study was undertaken to study the comparative pharmacognostical study of Kadali Pushpa of male and bisexual flowers.

Material & Method: Collection of Kadali Pushpa are done & observed carefully for its identical morphological, macroscopically, microscopically parameters.

Result: Macro – microscopic features of different parts of a bisexual Kadali and male Kadali flower with wide perianth, spathe, gynoceium, androecium. T.S. of spathe show purplish colouring matter with epidermal cells. T.S. of perianth shows single layered inner and outer epidermis. Epidermis covered with thin cuticle Powder microscopy of Kadali male and bisexual flower shows different characters like pollen grain, acicular crystal, prismatic crystal, simple and compound starch grain, fibers, oil globules etc. In micrometric evaluation both male and bisexual flowers of Kadali show similar and dissimilar characters.

Conclusion: Individual floral microscopical characters show that presence and absence of gynoceium. The powder microscopy of both the flowers samples are shows all most similar characters.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE FLUNARIZINE NANOEMULSION FOR NOSE-TO-BRAIN DRUG DELIVERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2026-03-21T12:32:03+0530

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain is significantly restricted by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), limiting drug effectiveness. Flunarizine, a lipophilic calcium channel blocker, exhibits potential neuroprotective activity; however, its oral bioavailability is limited due to extensive first-pass metabolism. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a mucoadhesive nanoemulsion of Flunarizine for intranasal (nose-to-brain) drug delivery to enhance brain targeting and therapeutic efficacy. Nanoemulsions were formulated using sesame oil as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, PEG 400 as the co-surfactant, and distilled water as the aqueous phase, employing the vortexing–sonication method. A total of nine formulations (F1–F9) were developed using an L9 Taguchi orthogonal array design. The prepared formulations were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as pH, drug content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug diffusion.Among the formulations, F3 demonstrated optimal characteristics, including suitable particle size, high entrapment efficiency, stability, and enhanced drug release. Drug release kinetics indicated that the optimised formulation followed zero-order kinetics with a diffusion-controlled release mechanism. The findings suggest that the developed mucoadhesive Flunarizine nanoemulsion is a promising approach for intranasal drug delivery, offering improved brain targeting and therapeutic potential in the management of Alzheimer’s disease.

DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CILNIDIPINE FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS USING INNOVATIVE POLYMERIC CARRIERS

2026-03-29T03:08:18+0530

This study focused on the formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of Cilnidipine using novel polymers. Cilnidipine, a calcium channel blocker used in hypertension management, was formulated into six batches (10 mg each) by direct compression. Hydrophilic polymers such as DIVEMA and HPMA were used along with excipients like MCC, SSG, mannitol, talc, and magnesium stearate. The powder blends and tablets were evaluated through pre- and post-compression studies, including FT-IR, DSC, disintegration, and dissolution tests. Among all formulations, batch F1 showed superior performance with rapid drug release and followed first-order kinetics. Cilnidipine, DIVEMA, HPMA, Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), Mannitol, Fast Dissving Tablets

RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Determination of Candesartan cilexitil and Hydrochlorothaizide

2026-04-20T13:09:15+0530

A simple, rapid, precise, and stability-indicating reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Candesartan cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Symmetry C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column with an isocratic mobile phase comprising Methanol: pH 3 phosphate buffer (70:30 % v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection at 240 nm. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines for system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, LOD, and LOQ. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 16–80 ppm for Candesartan cilexetil and 25–150 ppm for Hydrochlorothiazide with satisfactory correlation coefficients. The %RSD values were below 2%, and recovery studies showed results within acceptable limits, confirming accuracy and precision. The developed method was found to be sensitive, reliable, cost-effective, and suitable for routine quality control analysis.

NANOTECHNOLOGY: A REVOLUTION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

2026-03-03T12:12:36+0530

The ability of nanotechnology to alter materials at extremely small scales to achieve specific properties that would greatly enhance the toolbox of materials science is the basis for many of its benefits. Nowadays, businesses all over the world are attempting to use nanotechnology to make their ideas more productive and efficient in terms of vision, design, and working methods. Nanotechnology has made it possible to modernise practically every industrial sector on a global scale, from small-scale manufacturing and processing facilities like those in the food, medicine, and agriculture sectors to larger-scale production facilities like those in the automotive, civil engineering, and environmental management sectors. Many academics throughout the world have hailed nanotechnology as a revolutionary technology.As an enabling technology, it has the potential to expand research and development across a wide range of disciplines and have a broad range of sectoral applications, from electronics, textiles, healthcare and medicine, construction, water treatment, food processing, and cosmetics. For a developing nation like India, many of these applications are quite relevant. The more sustainable growth of nano-based enterprises can be anticipated in the future with strong collaboration between researchers, industry, scientists, technologists, environmentalists, and educators. The most notable advancements in the field of nanotechnology, including drug delivery systems, applications, and future perspectives, are presented in this review article.

ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BLUE PEA PIGMENTS AND PHENOLICS

2026-03-03T12:12:29+0530

Advances in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques have transformed blue pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) into a model system for studying natural blue colorants and complex phenolic matrices. Flowers, teas, and seedscontain structurally diverse ternatintype anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids, the accurate characterization of which requires highresolution separation and detection platforms. Conventional colorimetric assays for “total anthocyanins” or “total phenolics” have therefore been superseded by integrated UHPLC–DAD, UHPLC–QTOF–HRMS, and tandem MS/MS workflows that resolve individual pigments, define their glycosylation and acylation patterns, and relate these to color expression, stability, and bioactivity. In parallel, greener extraction strategies, such as ultrasound and microwaveassisted extraction, often optimized by chemometric or responsesurface methodologies, have significantly improved the recovery of anthocyanins and coextracted polyphenols while reducing solvent use and processing time, enabling the scalable production of standardized, foodgrade extracts. Spectroscopic approaches, particularly UV–Vis with pHdifferential methods and CIELAB color analysis, provide rapid, non‑destructive monitoring of pigment equilibrium, thermal degradation, and formulation behavior, while NMR and advanced MSⁿ experiments deliver higher-order structural confirmation of newly reported anthocyanins and associated flavonols and phenolic acids. Collectively, these analytical and process innovations support a shift from bulk estimations to molecule‑level understanding, underpinning the rational design of blue peabased colorants and multifunctional phytochemical ingredients for foods, nutraceuticals and emerging smart‑packaging and delivery systems.

AI in Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Comprehensive Review

2026-04-25T08:15:34+0530

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming pharmaceutical analysis by shifting conventional analytical practice from labor-intensive, trial-and-error methods toward faster, data-driven, and predictive approaches. The increasing complexity of pharmaceutical formulations and the large volume of data generated by modern analytical instruments have created a strong need for intelligent computational tools capable of accurate interpretation and decision-making. In this context, AI, particularly machine learning and deep learning, has emerged as a powerful support system in pharmaceutical analysis. Its applications extend across chromatographic analysis, spectroscopic techniques, and mass spectrometry, where it improves pattern recognition, peak analysis, classification, prediction, and method optimization. AI also contributes significantly to pharmaceutical quality control, process analytical technology, and real-time monitoring by enabling automation, anomaly detection, and predictive maintenance. In addition, AI supports the principles of green analytical chemistry by helping reduce solvent consumption, optimize experimental design, and improve sustainability in analytical practices. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the role of AI in pharmaceutical analysis, highlighting its major applications, benefits, current challenges, and future prospects in advancing accuracy, efficiency, and innovation in the pharmaceutical sector.