The osteoporosis treatment by gene therapy: a current approach and challenges
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Although it is seen in all age groups, gender, and races, it is more common in Caucasians (white race), older people, and women. With an aging population and longer life span, osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a global epidemic. Currently, it has been estimated that more than 200 million people are suffering from osteoporosis. Moreover, osteoporosis results in a decreased quality of life, increased disability-adjusted life span, and big financial burden to health insurance systems of countries that are responsible for the care of such patients. Therefore, increasing awareness in medical field, which, in turn, facilitates increase awareness of the normal populace, will be effective in preventing this epidemic.
Keywords:
Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis Management, Gene therapy
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References
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22. Ulrich-Vinther M, Carmody EE, Goater JJ, K Sb, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated osteoprotegerin gene therapy inhibits wear debris-induced osteolysis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 2002;84-A(8):1405-12.
23. Pola E, Gao W, Zhou Y, Pola R, Lattanzi W, Sfeir C, et al. Efficient bone formation by gene transfer of human LIM mineralization protein-3. Gene therapy. 2004;11(8):683-93.
24. Gautschi OP, Frey SP, Zellweger R. Bone morphogenetic proteins in clinical applications. ANZ journal of surgery. 2007;77(8):626-31.
25. Ebara S, Nakayama K. Mechanism for the action of bone morphogenetic proteins and regulation of their activity. Spine. 2002;27(16 Suppl 1):S10-5.
26. Bhatt P, Narvekar P, Lalani R, Chougule MB, Pathak Y, Sutariya V. An in vitro Assessment of Thermo-Reversible Gel Formulation Containing Sunitinib Nanoparticles for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(7):281.
2. WHO Technical report, WHO Press, Switzerland, 2007.
3. Melton LJ, 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density and fracture risk in men. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 1998;13(12):1915-23.
4. Melton LJ, 3rd, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL. Perspective. How many women have osteoporosis? Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 1992;7(9):1005-10.
5. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Sembo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Dawson A, et al. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2000;11(8):669-74.
6. Bhatt P, Fnu G, Bhatia D, Shahid A, Sutariya V. Nanodelivery of Resveratrol-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(8):291.
7. Vhora I, Lalani R, Bhatt P, Patil S, Patel H, Patel V, et al. Colloidally Stable Small Unilamellar Stearyl Amine Lipoplexes for Effective BMP-9 Gene Delivery to Stem Cells for Osteogenic Differentiation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3550–60.
8. Garcia Vadillo JA. [Are calcium and vitamin D supplements for everyone?: Pro]. Reumatologia clinica. 2011;7 Suppl 2:S34-9.
9. Nowson CA. Prevention of fractures in older people with calcium and vitamin D. Nutrients. 2010;2(9):975-84.
10. Dudl RJ, Ensinck JW, Baylink D, Chesnut CH, 3rd, Sherrard D, Nelp WB, et al. Evaluation of intravenous calcium as therapy for osteoporosis. The American journal of medicine. 1973;55(5):631-7.
11. Jensen H, Christiansen C, Munck O, Toft H. Treatment of osteoporosis with calcium infusions. An osteodensitometric study. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 1973;32(1):93-6.
12. Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK, McDonald AM, MacLennan GS, McPherson GC, et al. Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9471):1621-8.
13. Porthouse J, Cockayne S, King C, Saxon L, Steele E, Aspray T, et al. Randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for prevention of fractures in primary care. Bmj. 2005;330(7498):1003.
14. Patil S, Bhatt P, Lalani R, Amrutiya J, Vhora I, Kolte A, et al. Low molecular weight chitosan–protamine conjugate for siRNA delivery with enhanced stability and transfection efficiency. RSC Advances. 2016;6(112):110951-63.
15. Lalani R, Misra A, Amrutiya J, Patel H, Bhatt P, Patil SK. Approaches and Recent Trends in Gene Delivery for Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Recent patents on drug delivery & formulation. 2016;10(2):141-55.
16. Patil S, Lalani R, Bhatt P, Vhora I, Patel V, Patel H, et al. Hydroxyethyl substituted linear polyethylenimine for safe and efficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics. RSC Advances. 2018;8(62):35461-73.
17. Vhora I, Patil S, Bhatt P, Gandhi R, Baradia D, Misra A. Receptor-targeted drug delivery: current perspective and challenges. Therapeutic delivery. 2014;5(9):1007-24.
18. Vhora I, Lalani R, Bhatt P, Patil S, Misra A. Lipid-nucleic acid nanoparticles of novel ionizable lipids for systemic BMP-9 gene delivery to bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells for osteoinduction. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2019;563:324-36.
19. Baltzer AW, Whalen JD, Wooley P, Latterman C, Truchan LM, Robbins PD, et al. Gene therapy for osteoporosis: evaluation in a murine ovariectomy model. Gene therapy. 2001;8(23):1770-6.
20. Kofron MD, Laurencin CT. Bone tissue engineering by gene delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2006;58(4):555-76.
21. Kostenuik PJ, Bolon B, Morony S, Daris M, Geng Z, Carter C, et al. Gene therapy with human recombinant osteoprotegerin reverses established osteopenia in ovariectomized mice. Bone. 2004;34(4):656-64.
22. Ulrich-Vinther M, Carmody EE, Goater JJ, K Sb, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated osteoprotegerin gene therapy inhibits wear debris-induced osteolysis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 2002;84-A(8):1405-12.
23. Pola E, Gao W, Zhou Y, Pola R, Lattanzi W, Sfeir C, et al. Efficient bone formation by gene transfer of human LIM mineralization protein-3. Gene therapy. 2004;11(8):683-93.
24. Gautschi OP, Frey SP, Zellweger R. Bone morphogenetic proteins in clinical applications. ANZ journal of surgery. 2007;77(8):626-31.
25. Ebara S, Nakayama K. Mechanism for the action of bone morphogenetic proteins and regulation of their activity. Spine. 2002;27(16 Suppl 1):S10-5.
26. Bhatt P, Narvekar P, Lalani R, Chougule MB, Pathak Y, Sutariya V. An in vitro Assessment of Thermo-Reversible Gel Formulation Containing Sunitinib Nanoparticles for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(7):281.
Published
06/12/2021
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How to Cite
D, R. P., S. M. S. S, and T. Harsh. “The Osteoporosis Treatment by Gene Therapy: A Current Approach and Challenges”. International Journal of Health Care and Biological Sciences, Vol. 2, no. 4, Dec. 2021, pp. 84-88, doi:10.46795/ijhcbs.v2i4.254.
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