International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs

Formulation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen cream

Chandini P, Naga subrahmanyam S, Suvarna Jyothi Navuduri — Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Herbal sunscreens provide a safe, natural, and effective alternative to chemical-based products. This study developed a herbal sunscreen cream using blue pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea), coconut oil, rose water, and aloe vera-ingredients known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and healing benefits. These botanicals not only protect against UVA and UVB radiation but also enhance skin defense and repair. Clitoria ternatea, with its strong antioxidant and UV-protective properties, served as the key component. The formulation was evaluated for SPF, pH, viscosity, spreadability, stability, and skin irritation, showing favorable results with good stability and no adverse effects. Overall, the study demonstrates that Clitoria ternatea-based sunscreen is an effective, skin-friendly, and eco-conscious alternative to synthetic sunscreens.

Contemporary Approaches to Cervical Cancer Management

Pavithra Polu — Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Cervical cancer represents a widespread global health concern, responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality among women around the world. The illness is mainly triggered by long-lasting infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Although effective preventive measures such as HPV vaccination and screening are available, cervical cancer persists as a primary cause of cancer-related fatalities among women in low- and middleincome nations. Recent progress in understanding the biology of cervical cancer has prompted the creation of new therapeutic methods, encompassing targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These cutting-edge treatments have displayed encouraging outcomes in enhancing patient results, especially in advanced-stage and recurrent cases. This review intends to deliver a thorough summary of the existing knowledge regarding cervical cancer, encompassing its epidemiology, prevention methods, diagnostic techniques, and treatment possibilities. We also examine recent advancements in cervical cancer research and their potential effects on patient care.

Predicting Encounters with Artificial Intelligence

chaitanya Kumar Rekala — Sun, 03 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

A review on gastro retentive drug delivery system

Venkatesh Naik Ramavath — Sat, 09 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have emerged as a promising solution to overcome challenges related to the poor bioavailability of oral drug formulations. GRDDS aim to extend the residence time of drug formulations in the stomach, facilitating controlled and sustained release of active ingredients. This is particularly beneficial for drugs with a narrow absorption window, those unstable in alkaline pH, or those exhibiting increased solubility in acidic environments. Various approaches to achieve gastric retention have been developed, including floating systems, mucoadhesive polymers, magnetic materials, and expandable devices. Each of these strategies aims to prevent premature gastric emptying, thereby enhancing drug absorption and improving therapeutic efficacy. The development of GRDDS requires careful consideration of both in vitro and in vivo evaluations to optimize performance. Techniques like gamma scintigraphy and MRI are commonly employed to assess gastric retention in vivo, although studies involving small animals remain limited. In addition to technical challenges, the physiological variability of the gastrointestinal tract, food effects, and inconsistent gastric emptying rates present barriers to widespread GRDDS adoption. Despite these obstacles, GRDDS have shown promise in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, offering the potential for more targeted and personalized therapies. This review provides an overview of recent innovations in GRDDS, examining formulation strategies, evaluation techniques, and clinical applications, while also addressing the challenges that need to be overcome for successful market implementation.

Wearable medical devices in health care system

Ramani Pentapati — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The review emphasizes the growing significance of wearable technology in personalized healthcare, showcasing its ability to customize treatments by leveraging individual health data and predictive analytics to prevent diseases. Different types of wearable devices, such as skin-based, textile-based, and biofluidic-based wearables, play a crucial role in monitoring and managing a range of medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, neurocognitive disorders, and muscle disorders. These technologies provide real-time, continuous monitoring of key health indicators, empowering both patients and healthcare providers to detect abnormalities early and intervene before conditions worsen. In addition to monitoring, wearable devices are evolving as platforms for drug delivery, further broadening their applications in the healthcare sector. This advancement positions wearables not only as tools for tracking health metrics but also as active participants in treatment, enabling timely therapeutic interventions. The widespread adoption of wearable technologies, including fitness trackers and biosensors, has fundamentally transformed traditional health monitoring systems by offering users the ability to continuously track vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. This continuous monitoring facilitates a shift from a reactive to a proactive healthcare approach, where prevention and early intervention become key priorities. As technology continues to advance, wearable devices are expected to play an even more prominent role in personalizing healthcare, improving patient outcomes, and promoting a healthier population through early disease detection and management.

Pharmacovigilence in pediatrics

Akshitha P — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Pharmacovigilance plays a pivotal role in paediatric care by monitoring and evaluating ADRs to improve patient safety and treatment outcomes. Children's physiological differences from adults necessitate targeted research to understand how they respond to medications, underlining the importance of this study: A systemic review of the previous 10 years (2010–2019) published studies were taken into consideration to describe observational studies on ADRs and to determine the incidence and characteristics of ADRs in paediatrics. Electronic relevant literature was searched in PMC, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovides’databases using MESH heading and text words. The titles, text, and abstracts were checked for patients below 18 years of age, nature of ADRs, observational studies (prospective or retrospective), and maximum information was recorded to count their frequency. The studies which discussed specific or particular drug exposures were not selected in this review. Of the 36,689 titles retrieved; 27 studies were selected for full-text review. Ten observational studies were added in the final review. Observational studies on paediatric were carried out in seven distinct nations.

Panax ginseng: the medicinal herb

Sat, 06 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Panax ginseng, particularly valued in China and Korea, has long been considered a "paternal herb" in traditional medicine. First recorded in the Shennong Herbal Classic around 200 AD, it is attributed to Shennong, one of the "Three Emperors" of ancient China, who is believed to have pioneered herbal medicine over 5,000 years ago. Recognized as a modern tonic and traditional complementary medicine, Panax ginseng contains ginseng saponins (GS), which are the main bioactive compounds. These saponins exhibit hypoglycemic effects, support wound healing, and have demonstrated superior anticancer properties compared to Panax quinquefolium. Ginseng is considered safe with minimal reported side effects, prompting the development of various analytical techniques, especially high-performance liquid chromatography, to study its complex composition. Ginseng's pharmacological potential has led to its use in clinical research, particularly in exploring its chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects. These properties suggest applications in treating inflammatory conditions and boosting overall immune health.Despite its historical use and promising properties, clinical evidence, especially regarding ginseng’s efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction, remains inconclusive due to small sample sizes and subjective results in human trials. Still, growing interest in herbal alternatives is driving further research. With well-designed, large-scale clinical trials and stricter safety standards, ginseng holds strong potential as a validated alternative therapy in modern healthcare.For centuries, humans have relied on plants like ginseng not just for medicine but also for food, cosmetics, and overall wellness, reinforcing its continued relevance in both traditional and modern practices.

A review on: anti-hyperglycaemic activity of potential herbal plants

Sireesha Badri, Sushma Sree V, Hema CH, Rukmini J, Prasanna Kumar Desu — Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, multifactorial metabolic disorder that has emerged as one of the most formidable public health challenges of the 21st century. Current therapeutic regimens, though effective in the short term, are often constrained by adverse effects, high cost, and diminished efficacy over prolonged use, highlighting the urgent need for complementary or alternative approaches. Traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Unani, and Traditional Chinese Medicine, have long emphasized the role of herbal plants in managing hyperglycemia. These natural agents are rich in diverse bioactive compounds-such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and glycosides that act synergistically through multiple mechanisms. They can stimulate insulin secretion, enhance pancreatic β-cell regeneration, improve peripheral glucose uptake, inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, modulate hepatic metabolism, and protect against oxidative stress-induced complications.

Nanotechnology based phytopharmaceuticals

Shanmugarathinam A, Joshua Handel E, Rajeevkumar P, Poornasri R — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Nanotechnology-based phytopharmaceuticals represent a cutting-edge advancement that bridges traditional herbal medicine with modern nanoscience to enhance therapeutic efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. The inherent limitations of phytoconstituents-such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, instability, and rapid metabolism-have long restricted their clinical potential. Nanotechnology enables the design of nanosized carriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals, which encapsulate, protect, and deliver plant-derived bioactives in a controlled and targeted manner. These delivery systems improve solubility, protect against enzymatic degradation, enhance permeability across biological membranes, and allow sustained drug release. Significant therapeutic applications have been reported in oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular protection, antimicrobial therapy, wound healing, and hepatoprotection. Despite these remarkable advantages, challenges such as large-scale production, formulation stability, toxicity assessment, and regulatory validation continue to hinder clinical translation. Thus, nanotechnology-based phytopharmaceuticals signify a paradigm shift in drug delivery science, integrating traditional plant-based medicine with precision nanotechnology to develop safer, more effective, and environmentally friendly therapies.