International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GANCICLOVIR PROLIPOSOMAL GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2026-05-20T18:17:01+0530

Proliposomes are free flowing powder formulations containing water soluble carrier particles coated with phospholipids that immediately form a liposomal dispersion on contact with water in the body. The resulting liposomes may act as a sustained release dosage form of the loaded drugs. Proliposomes are composed of drug, phospholipid and a water soluble porous powder and can be stored sterilized in a dried state. Because of the solid properties, the stability problems of liposome can be resolved without influencing their intrinsic characteristics. Improvement of Solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs.In the present work an attempt was being made to formulate and evaluate ganciclovir proliposomal gel for topical delivery for the treatment of viral infections. Phosphatidyl choline, Cholesterol and mannitol were used as excipients in the preparation of proliposomes. The drug and excipient compatibility was studied by using FTIR. The prepared proliposomes were tested for drug release F2 formulation shown maximum drug release which is considered as the optimized formulation. Gel formulation was prepared by taking different quantities of gellan gum. To the prepared gel formulations the optimized proliposomes were incorporated and then diffusion studies were conducted to the gel formulations to know the in vitro drug release. Formulation F2 shown maximum drug release hence it was considered as optimized formulation.

RUDBECKIA HIRTA L.: AN UPDATE REVIEW OF ITS PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TRADITIONAL USES AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY

2026-02-14T12:00:01+0530

The demand for ornamental plants is expected to increase in the future due to the growth of global trade. Nowadays, interactions with urban green infrastructure largely define people’s encounters with nature within cities.Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.), a flowering plant with various traditional medicinal uses, has recently garnered interest for its therapeutic properties. However, little is known about the potential therapeutic activities of the plant species.Rudbeckia, a genus within the Asteraceae family, is native to North America. This review aims to examine the literature on the ethnobotany, chemical composition, and bioactivity to date on this genus to provide a basis for future exploration into its medicinal potential.The species has several chemical constituents that are thought to contribute to its potential bioactive properties. These include flavonoids with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities, such as quercetin and its glycosides, kaempferol and quercetagetin derivatives, patuletin and eupatolin. Several polyphenolic acids, such as caffeic and chlorogenic acids, are also known to be present in the plant. Other chemical constituents of R. hirta include terpenes, which are thought to be responsible for the plant’s distinctive taste and smell and its antibacterial properties. Further studies on this plant must be carried out to explore some other important, necessary, and unknown benefits.

HERBAL DRUG TREATMENT FOR LIVER DISORDERS: THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS

2026-03-03T12:12:17+0530

Liver disorders constitute a major global health challenge due to their increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options in conventional medicine. Chronic exposure to hepatotoxins, viral infections, alcohol consumption, and metabolic imbalances often leads to progressive liver damage, including hepatitis, fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In recent years, herbal drugs have gained considerable attention as alternative or complementary therapies because of their multi-targeted actions, better safety profiles, and long history of traditional use. Medicinal plants rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, lignans, tannins, and polyphenols exhibit significant hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. Among these, Phyllanthus amarus has emerged as a well-recognized hepatoprotective herb widely used in traditional systems of medicine, particularly Ayurveda, for the treatment of jaundice and other liver disorders. The therapeutic efficacy of P. amarus is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, especially lignans such as phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, which play a crucial role in protecting hepatocytes from oxidative stress and toxin-induced damage. Experimental studies have demonstrated its ability to normalize liver enzymes, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and enhance endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, clinical investigations suggest its potential in managing chronic hepatitis B by suppressing viral replication and improving liver function parameters.

BUPRENORPHINE BUCCAL FILM: A NOVEL MUCOADHEVISE APPROACH FOR CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT

2026-03-25T12:36:03+0530

Chronic pain remains a significant clinical challenge requiring long-term, effective, and safe therapeutic strategies. Buprenorphine buccal film has emerged as a novel mucoadhesive drug delivery system that offers an alternative approach to conventional opioid therapy. Buprenorphine is a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist and κ-opioid receptor antagonist with high receptor affinity, providing potent analgesia while exhibiting a ceiling effect on respiratory depression. The buccal film formulation adheres to the oral mucosa, enabling direct systemic absorption and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and ensuring consistent plasma drug levels. This review discusses the pharmacological profile of buprenorphine, the principles of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery, formulation strategies, and clinical efficacy of buprenorphine buccal films in chronic pain management. Additionally, safety, tolerability, patient compliance, and therapeutic advantages over traditional oral and transdermal opioid formulations are critically evaluated. Overall, buprenorphine buccal film represents a promising advancement in chronic pain therapy, combining effective analgesia with improved safety and patient-friendly drug delivery.

A Review on Phytosomes: Novel Approaches for Herbal Drug Delivery

2026-05-10T18:07:29+0530

Phytosomes represent a modern and innovative herbal drug delivery system specifically designed to overcome the limitations associated with conventional plant-based formulations. Many bioactive phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, exhibit poor lipid solubility and relatively large molecular size, which significantly restricts their absorption through biological membranes. As a result, their therapeutic potential often remains underutilized despite strong pharmacological activity. To address this challenge, phytosome technology was developed, wherein plant-derived active compounds are complexed with phospholipids, most commonly phosphatidylcholine. This unique complexation process enhances the lipophilicity of the phytoconstituents, thereby improving their stability, membrane permeability, and overall bioavailability. The preparation of phytosomes can be achieved through several methods, including solvent evaporation, anti‑solvent precipitation, and thin film hydration techniques. Each method ensures effective binding between the phytoconstituent and phospholipid, resulting in a stable molecular complex. Phytosomes offer multiple advantages such as improved absorption, reduced dosage requirements, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and better patient compliance. However, certain limitations exist, including higher production costs and variability in entapment efficiency depending on the nature of the plant extract. Applications of phytosomes span across diverse therapeutic areas. They are widely utilized in hepatoprotective formulations (e.g., silybin from milk thistle), anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant therapies (curcumin, green tea catechins), cardiovascular support (ginkgo biloba), dermatological preparations, and even as adjuncts in cancer prevention. Their role in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals continues to expand, making phytosomes a promising platform for the effective delivery of herbal medicines. In summary, phytosomes bridge the gap between traditional herbal remedies and modern pharmaceutical technology, offering a scientifically validated approach to maximize the clinical benefits of plant-derived compounds.

AN INSIGHT INTO MOTHER NATURE’S MIRACLE PLANT - KALANCHOE PINNATA

2026-05-20T18:16:54+0530

Kalanchoe pinnata, a perennial succulent plant inhabiting warm tropical climates, is a popular house plant with innumerable medicinal properties. This review gives an insight on the chemical constituents of the plant, medicinal properties and uses. The various clinical applications of the plant have been discussed in detail with focus on its anti cancer effects.